The P is about the bearing, confirmed by DAMIAO sales support:
- Non-P models: deep-groove ball bearings. Think of this as the standard/basic version.
- P models: cross-roller bearings. An upgraded version with better load-bearing capability.
Because of the cross-roller bearing, P models handle higher axial loads and overturning moments and are stiffer. They are also structurally more complex and cost more. For high-speed performance and output torque there is no significant publicly confirmed difference; torque is set by the actuator model, not by the P designation.
DAMIAO's own summary: the non-P is the base version with ordinary bearings, the P version uses cross-roller bearings and can take a larger axial moment and some overturning force.